《萨班斯法案》孰是孰非:基于成本与效率(收益)的分析视角

《萨班斯法案》的出台堪称注册会计师行业的一件大事，从理论上看，该法案各项条款的出台确实具有积极的意义，但仍然存在缺陷，它更多地强调监管的作用，而监管的效率往往不如制衡的效率；它更多地强调经济处罚和刑事处罚的作用，而这两种处罚却必须以民事赔偿为前提，并最终使作假行为的作假成本大大高于作假收益。     

旅行社产业链条中的利益分配机制研究

旅游客源地与旅游目的地旅行社经营业绩存在显著差异,旅游客源地旅行社经营绩效优于目的地旅行社经营绩效,旅行社产业链条中存在利益分配不平等现象。本文首先建立模型论证这种旅行社产业链条中利益分配不平是由旅行社产业链条中不同环节的市场结构不同引起的;接着指明旅行社产业链条中不同环节之所以市场结构不同,关键是不同环节的规模经济、进入壁垒、要素需求等不同,导致旅行社产业链条中的下游环节往往处于利润高端,上游环节往往利润微薄,甚至亏损;最后根据旅行社产业链条中这种利益分配状况提出了改善我国旅行社经营绩效的具体政策建议。     

破解国企利润上缴的十个难题

国企上缴利润是马克思主义所有制理论的体现，也是深化国企改革的需要。由于这是一项涉及再分配的改革，有“十大难点”需要研解，即国企多年养成的既得利益态势如何改变、现有国资的家底如何理清、国资经营预算应由谁编制、国企按什么原则上缴利润、国企应建立什么样的运作体制、国企要不要都成为“四自”企业、国企上缴利润谁是收支主体、国资委要不要再设资产经营公司、国资委怎样处理上缴利润、国企创造的利润如何合理分配。     

防止利用关联方交易操纵利润的方法

目前,一些上市公司利用关联方交易操纵利润、粉饰会计报表,造成会计信息的严重失真,为此,规范关联交易定价政策、逐步减少现有可避免的关联交易、制止新的应避免的关联交易产生十分必要。     

我国企业集团财务管理模式及措施探讨

财务管理是企业管理的核心,而现代企业集团财务管理模式分集权式和分权式。文章就我国现代企业集团财务管理模式的选择和采取的措施进行初步探讨,以求企业利润最大化,使企业步入良性循环。     

上市公司利润质量恶化的分析

随着我国现代企业制度的建立和发展及证券市场的壮大,投资证券市场的人数也在日益增多。为了更好地选择上市公司,避免投资风险,我们不仅要考虑上市公司利润的高低,而且要考虑其利润的质量,正确判断上市公司的发展前景。     

八项计提与公司盈余管理的实证研究

本文以2001-2003年亏损上市公司作为样本,研究亏损公司如何利用八项计提进行盈余管理。实证结果发现扭亏公司在扭亏前一年多计提减值准备,而在扭亏当年大额冲销减值准备的现象。扣除减值准备的影响,扭亏公司中将有72%样本不能扭亏。     

Price-Cost Margins and Profit Rates in New Zealand Electricity Distribution Networks Since 1994: the Cost of Light Handed Regulation

From 1994 to 2003, New Zealands corporatized electricity lines networks operated with no industry regulator, but under the spotlight of mandatory information disclosure. As a result there exists a large body of detailed, audited and publicly available accounting data on the financial performance of these businesses. Using that data, this paper finds that price-cost margins have widened substantially since deregulation. We estimate the extent to which light-handed regulation has allowed profits to exceed the levels which would have been acceptable under the old rate-of-return regulatory framework, and find that the answer is about $200 million per year, on an ongoing basis.We thank colleagues at Victoria University, and two anonymous referees for this journal, for constructive comments on this paper. Any remaining errors are entirely our responsibility.JEL classification: D21; K23; L11; L43; L51     

自然垄断行业实行薄利多销的可行性分析

对薄利多销的经济学涵义指出了实行薄利多销的理论依据:商品需求是富有弹性的;该商品必须具有潜在的消费者;商品的生产成本必须是不变的或至少不能上升。因此自然垄断行业同样可以采用薄利多销的手段来增加销售收入。     

Institutional failure or market failure?

We investigate the effect of the power of creditors, property rights protection, and institutional quality, on bank profits using a panel of 498 banks from 46 countries. Results show that better institutions and stronger property rights protection reduce bank profits, while stronger power of creditors drives up bank profits significantly. Results imply that better institutions and enhanced property rights protection lead to greater flow of credit allowing firms and investors to undertake more profitable ventures. By extension, stronger creditor rights erect steeper barriers to external finance for firms and investors. National indicators of economic freedoms may be more important to lowering the spread than strict creditor rights. Seemingly, credit markets fail when economic institutions fail or when governments intervene into these markets in ways that impede the safety and soundness of financial transactions and private contracting.